Decades of research shows that all students need explicit instruction in the five core pillars of reading: phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. To target instruction and evidence-based intervention to the specific skill areas where students need support, teachers need quick, accurate reading assessments.

In this playbook, reading experts and educators offer advice for assessing students for reading difficulties and literacy gaps and addressing those needs with instruction and interventions grounded in the Science of Reading.